Alexis Guzman, MD

View details for Web of Science ID 000616262000058

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated published studies about foster care to a) determine the types of data used; b) describe the degree to which a sexual/reproductive health topic was addressed; and c) describe the consent process.DESIGN: Analysis of published literature SETTING: PubMed was searched using "foster care" for English articles published between January 1, 2017, and September 4, 2019.PARTICIPANTS: None INTERVENTIONS: None MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Articles were coded into four data source categories: primary, secondary, peripheral or perspective data. Articles with a primary data source were coded for participant ages: only 9 years-old, included 10-17-year-olds (minor adolescents) and only 18 years-old. Articles using a secondary data source were coded for the source of the data registry. All articles were coded for presence of a sexual/reproductive health outcome. The primary data articles that included minor adolescents were coded for the study topic and consent process.RESULTS: Of the 176 articles about foster care, 72 (41%) used primary data, 53 (30%) used secondary data and 51 (29%) used peripheral/perspective data. Forty-eight of the primary data articles included minor adolescents. Secondary data sources included few national research surveys. Sexual/reproductive health outcomes were measured in 17 articles, 4 of which used primary data. The consent process for minor adolescents varied and had no consistent pattern across studies.CONCLUSION: Research best practices for consent processes and use of registries could be developed to increase research on sexual/reproductive health outcomes among adolescents in foster care.

View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.12.006

View details for PubMedID 33333259

View details for DOI 10.1007/s41347-020-00135-w

Abstract

Studies have shown that laws banning smoking in public places reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, but the impact of such laws on exposure to smoke outside the home and on household smoking policies has not been well documented. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2009 Wisconsin Act 12, a statewide smoke-free law enacted in July 2010, among participants in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW).Smoking history and demographic information was gathered from 1341 survey participants from 2008 to 2010. Smoking behaviors of independent samples of participants surveyed before and after the legislation was enacted were compared.The smoking ban was associated with a reduction of participants reporting exposure to smoke outside the home (from 55% to 32%; P<0.0001) and at home (13% to 7%; P=0.002). The new legislation was associated with an increased percentage of participants with no-smoking policies in their households (from 74% to 80%; P=.04). The results were stronger among participants who were older, wealthier, and more educated.Smoke-free legislation appears to reduce secondhand smoke exposure and to increase no-smoking policies in households. Further research should be conducted to see if these effects are maintained.

View details for PubMedID 22970531

View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3529004