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      COVID-2019 Alert

      The latest information about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, including vaccine clinics for children ages 6 months and older.

      La información más reciente sobre el nuevo Coronavirus de 2019, incluidas las clínicas de vacunación para niños de 6 meses en adelante.

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      The Respiratory System in Babies

      Anatomy of the respiratory system, child
      Click Image to Enlarge

      What is respiration?

      Respiration is the act of breathing in and out. When you breathe in, you take in oxygen. When you breathe out, you give off carbon dioxide.

      What makes up the respiratory system?

      The respiratory system is made up of the organs involved in the interchanges of gases:

      • Nose

      • Mouth

      • Throat (pharynx)

      • Voice box (larynx)

      • Windpipe (trachea)

      • Airways (bronchi)

      • Lungs

      The upper respiratory tract includes the:

      • Nose

      • Air-filled space above and behind the nose (nasal cavity)

      • Sinuses

      The lower respiratory tract includes the:

      • Voice box

      • Windpipe

      • Lungs

      • Airways (bronchi and bronchioles)

      • Air sacs (alveoli)

      What do the lungs do?

      The lungs take in oxygen. The body's cells need oxygen to live and carry out their normal functions. They also get rid of carbon dioxide. This is a waste product of the cells.

      The lungs are 2 cone-shaped organs. They are made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest, or the thorax (the part of the body between the base of the neck and diaphragm). They are inside a membrane called the pleura.

      The lungs are separated by an area (called the mediastinum) that has the following:

      • Heart and its large vessels

      • Windpipe

      • Food pipe (esophagus)

      • Thymus gland

      • Lymph nodes

      The right lung has 3 lobes. The left lung has 2 lobes. When you breathe, the air:

      • Enters the body through the nose or mouth

      • Travels down the throat through the voice box and windpipe

      • Goes into the lungs through tubes (mainstem bronchi):

        • One of these tubes goes to the right lung and one goes to the left lung

        • In the lungs, these tubes divide into smaller bronchi

        • Then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles

        • Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli

      Breathing in babies

      An important part of a baby's lung development is the production of surfactant. This is a substance made by the cells in the small airways. By about 35 weeks of pregnancy, most babies have developed enough surfactant. It is normally released into the lung tissues. There it helps to keep the air sacs (lung alveoli) open. Premature babies may not have enough surfactant in their lungs. They may have trouble breathing.

      Related Topics

      • The Respiratory System in Babies
      • Basics About Your Newborn Baby's Body
      • Anatomy of the Respiratory System
      • Respiratory Conditions
      • Anatomy of the Respiratory System in Children
      • Assessments for Newborn Babies

      Related Links

      • General Pediatrics
      • Pulmonary, Asthma & Sleep Medicine Center

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